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Kraft process
The kraft process (also known as kraft pulping or sulfate process)〔The process name is derived from German ''Kraft'',() meaning "strength" in this context, due to the strength of the kraft paper produced using this process. Both capitalized and lowercase spelling ("Kraft process" and "kraft process") appear in the literature, but "kraft" is most commonly used in the pulp and paper industry.〕 is a process for conversion of wood into wood pulp consisting of almost pure cellulose fibers. It entails treatment of wood chips with a mixture of sodium hydroxide and sodium sulfide, known as white liquor, that breaks the bonds that link lignin to the cellulose.
==History==
The kraft process (so called because of the superior strength of the resulting paper, from the German word ''Kraft'' for 'strength') was invented by Carl F. Dahl in 1879 in Danzig, Prussia, Germany. was issued in 1884, and a pulp mill using this technology started (in Sweden) in 1890. The invention of the recovery boiler by G.H. Tomlinson in the early 1930s was a milestone in the advancement of the kraft process. It enabled the recovery and reuse of the inorganic pulping chemicals such that a kraft mill is a nearly closed-cycle process with respect to inorganic chemicals, apart from those used in the bleaching process. For this reason, in the 1940s, the kraft process superseded the sulfite process as the dominant method for producing wood pulp.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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